Malik al-Ulama (King of Scholars), the major Faqih & the most erudite Muhaddith of his time & declared by Imam al-Huda Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddith Qadri (d. 1340 A.H / 1921 C.E) as the Lone Master of Ilm al-Tauqeet among his contemporary scholars. "Ilm al-Tauqeet" is an Islamic science that deals with the extraction & determination of Salah timings for various places. Imam Ibn Hajr Makki Shafai mentioned this Science as "Farz al-Kifaya" in his book "Zawajir".
Primary Religious Education:
Shaykh Zafaruddin studied elementary Arabic & Persian books under his scholarly father Shaykh Abdur Razzaq Ashrafi. Shaykh Hafiz Makhdum Ashraf, Shaykh Kabiruddin & Shaykh Abdul Latif taught him the Glorious Quran, along with other famous Arabic & Persian works. In 1316 A.H / 1898 C.E Shaykh Zafaruddin joined Madrasa Ghausiya Hanafiya where he completed Tafsir al-Jalalayn in addition to other various Islamic Sciences under eight prominent scholars.
The Foundation of Madrasa Hanafiya:
In 1318 A.H / 1900 C.E, Shaykh Qazi Abdul Waheed Siddiqui Firdawsi (1289-1326 A.H), the respected father of Shaykh Qazi Abdul Wadud Siddiqui (1896-1984 C.E) & the Khalifa of Imam al-Huda Ahmad Raza Khan summoned the grand meeting of Ahl us Sunnah scholars of the Indian subcontinent at Patna, Bihar against the Nadwat al-Ulama Movement. This is the same conference in which Imam Ahmad Raza Khan was bestowed & awarded with the title of Mujaddid (Revivalist) of 14th Islamic Century by more than 300 scholars.
Shaykh Qazi Abdul Waheed Siddiqui laid the foundation of Madrasa Hanafiya in 1318 A.H / 1900 C.E. at Patna for the dissemination of classical Islamic Sciences. Many excellent scholars were selected & appointed for the Divine purpose among whom included Shaykh al-Muhaddithin Wasi Ahmad Muhaddith Naqshbandi Surati (d.1334 A.H / 1915 C.E). Within a short time, Madrasa Hanafiya made a remarkable progress in achieving it's objectives & goals & reached the height of fame in 1320 A.H / 1902 C.E.
Madrasa Hanafiya, under the able guidance of Shaykh Qazi Abdul Waheed Firdawsi also used to publish an Islamic Journal named "Tuhfa-e-Hanafiya bi Mukhzin-e-Tahqiq" for many years. This Journal also published many of Imam Ahmad Raza's works & served Islam & Ahlus Sunnah immensely.
Shaykh al-Muhaddithin Wasi Ahmad Muhaddith Surati:
On 25th Jamadi al-Akhir 1320 A.H / 1902 C.E Malik al-Ulama Zafaruddin Bihari joined Madrasa Hanafiya & studied under the famous Hadith Master Shaykh Wasi Ahmad Muhaddith Surati the following Hadith books: Musnad Imam al-A'zam, Mishkat al-Masabih & Mulla Jalal. After serving the Madrasa for two long years Shaykh al-Muhaddithin took leave & left for his hometown Pili Bhit due to old age & failing health. Here, he founded Madrasa Dar al-Hadith.
During this period Malik al-Ulama left for Kanpur where he had classical Islamic knowledge simultaneously at three local Madaris, the most prominent being Dar al-Ulum where he had the opportunity to study Mantiq under the famous scholar Shaykh Ahmad Hassan Kanpuri (d.1322 A.H / 1904 C.E) & it was here that he also completed studying Hidayah under Shaykh Ubaidullah Punjabi (d.1343 A.H / 1925 C.E). The other schools from which Malik al-Ulama benefited were Madrasa Imdad al-Ulum where he studied under Shaykh Qazi Abdur Razzaq (d.1946 C.E), who was the Murid (disciple) & Khalifa of Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki Chishti & Madrasa Ahsan al-Madaris. The zeal for acquiring Religious Knowledge once again forced Malik al-Ulama to go to Pili Bhit at the doorstep of his dear Hadith teacher Shaykh al-Muhaddithin for further spiritual guidance & benefit.
In 1321 A.H / 1903 C.E Malik al-Ulama joined the study circle of Shaykh Ghulam Yasin Deobandi at Madrasa Misbah al-Tahzib but left shortly after he came to know Shaykh Ghulam's Doctrinal differences with Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah.
Imam al-Akbar Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddith Barelvi:
After completing his studies under Shaykh al-Muhaddithin Wasi Ahmad Surati Malik al-Ulama visited Bareily in 1321 A.H / 1903 C.E & gave the Pledge of Allegiance (Baiyah) to Imam Ahmad Raza Khan in the Qadriya Barkatiya tariqah of Tasawwuf. Malik al-Ulama’s chief efforts along with Shaykh Hassan Raza Khan (younger brother of Imam Ahmad Raza), Hujjat al-Islam Shaykh Hamid Raza Khan (elder son of Imam Ahmad Raza) & Shaykh Sayyid Muhammad Ameerullah Shah led to the establishment of Madrasa Manzar al-Islam under the patronage of Imam Ahmad Raza Khan in 1322 A.H / 1904 C.E at Bareily. Malik al-Ulama & Shaykh Sayyid Abdur Rasheed Azimabadi were the first students of Manzar al-Islam.
Malik al-Ulama studied the following books under Imam Ahmad Raza at Manzar al-Islam: Sahih al-Bukhari, the Six principles of Euclid, Tashrih al-Aflak, Sharh Chughmini & Risalah Qushayriya & Awarif al-Ma'arif in Tasawwuf.
Among his other teachers at Manzar al-Islam were Shaykh Sayyid Basheer Ahmad Aligarhi, Shaykh Sayyid Ameerullah Shah Bareilvi, Shaykh Hamid Hassan Rampuri & Shaykh Hassan Raza Khan Bareilvi. In 1325 A.H / 1907 C.E, in the presence of a large number of scholars Malik al-Ulama was awarded the Certificates of Specialisation (Sanad) & Authorization (Ijazah) at the hands of Shaykh Makhdum Shah Hayat Ahmad Qadri.
Malik al-Ulama commanded unique capabilities of learning intricate & complex sciences due to which he held an esteemed position among contemporary scholars. He further studied Ilm al-Hayyat, Ilm al-Tauqeet, Ilm al-Jafr, Ilm al-Taksir & Ilm al-Riyazi under Imam Ahmad Raza.
Imam al-Huda Ahmad Raza was impressed by Malik al-Ulama's strong & distinguished acumen to serve Islam & Ahlus Sunnah. In 1325 A.H / 1907 C.E Sayyidi Imam Ahmad Raza gave him the Khilafa & Ijazah in the Qadriya Barkatiya tariqah of Tasawwuf & Hadith & awarded the titles of Fazil-e-Bihar & Malik al-Ulama.
Imam Ahmad Raza Khan used to love Malik al-Ulama dearly & considered him as his own son. He wrote some 43 letters exclusively to Malik al-Ulama + 2 letters to Shaykh Khalifa Tajuddin Lahori & Shaykh Haji Muhammad Layal Khan Qadri Razvi Madrasi in which Malik al-Ulama finds special mention. This is the highest number of letters ever written to any one by Imam Ahmad Raza Khan & in these letters he sometimes addresses Malik al-Ulama as “Habibi wa Waladi wa Qurrat al-Ayni (My Beloved Son & Coolness of my Eyes)" & some times as "Waladi al-A'az Hami-us-Sunan wa Mahi al-Fitan (My Son who Protects the Sunnah & Fights the Heresies)". In another letter Sayyidi Imam Ahmad addresses him as "Jaan-e-Padar" & "Jaan-e-Bahtar".
Imam Ahmad Raza Khan wrote Qasida "Zikr al-Ashab wa Dua al-Ahbab" better known as "Qasida al-Istimdad" in 1337 A.H / 1919 C.E. This Qasida contains 360 lines in Urdu in which some 132 rhyming words are repeated only once in the poem & those rhyming words which are repeated occur only 9 lines after it's initial rendering! This Qasida is a glowing proof of the Imam’s mastery in the sciences of "Qasaid". In this very Qasida, Imam Ahmad Rida Khan after mentioning his son Hujjat al-Islam Hamid Raza Khan Qadri & his closest Khalifa Eid al-Islam Abdus Salam Qadri Jabalpuri mentions Malik al-Ulama as follows:
After mentioning Malik al-Ulama's name Imam Ahmad mentions Sadr al-Shariyah Mufti Amjad Ali Qadri Razvi A'zami, Sadr al-Afazil Sayyid al-Ulama Sayyid Nayimuddin Ashrafi Muradabadi, Alim al-Rabbani Way'iz e LaSaani Sayyid Ahmad Ashraf Ashrafi Jilani Kichochavi, Sayyid al-Muhaddithin Sayyid Didar Ali Shah Muhaddith Naqshbandi Alipuri, Shaykh Ahmad Mukhtar Qadri Meruthi, Muballigh al-A'zam Abdul Aleem Siddiqui Qadri Meruthi, Sultan al-Wayizin Abdul Ahad Qadri PiliBhiti, Shaykh Rahim Bakhsh Qadri, Shaykh Haji La'al Ali Khan Qadri, Mufti al-A'zam Hind Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri Bareilvi, Burhan al-Sunnah Mufti Abdul Baqi Burhan al-Haq Qadri Jabalpuri, Shaykh Shafi Ahmad Qadri Bisalpuri, Sadr al-Ulama Hasnayn Raza Khan Qadri Bareilvi, etc. The Qasida contains the names of the most prominent of all the Khulafa & Students of Imam Ahmad Raza Khan with Blessings & Supplications for all of them. Malik al-Ulama's name occurs third in this blessed list from which his excellence in the sight of Imam al-Akbar Mujaddid al-A'zam can be judged.
Malik al-Ulama had very close ties with all the Sufi Khanqaahs of India especially the Khanqah & family of Makhdum Ashraf Jahangir Simnani Kichochavi. He also received Khilafah in the Qadriya Chishtiya Ashrafiya tariqah from Muhaddith al-Azam Sayyid Muhammad Ashrafi Jilani Kichochavi.
Scholarly Career:
Until 1329 A.H / 1911 C.E Malik al-Ulama served at Madrasa Manzar al-Islam, Bareily. From 1329 A.H / 1911 C.E to 1330 A.H / 1912 C.E he taught at Madrasa Hanafiya, Arah, Allahabad. Then from 1330 A.H / 1912 C.E to 1334 A.H / 1916 C.E he was appointed as Shaykh al-Fiqh & subsequently Shaykh al-Tafsir at Madrasa Islamiya Shams al-Huda, Patna which was founded in 1331 A.H / 1913 C.E. Shaykh Sayyid Shah Malihuddin requested Malik al-Ulama to teach at Madrasa Khanqah al-Kabiriya, Sahsharam from 1331 A.H / 1913 C.E to 1338 A.H / 1920 C.E. He returned to Madrasa Islamiya Shams al-Huda at Patna the same year & taught there till 1369 A.H / 1951 C.E. In 1365 A.H / 1947 C.E he was appointed principal (Shaykh al-Kulliya) of Shams al-Huda.
At the request & instance of Shaykh Sayyid Shah Shahid Husayn, he inaugurated Jami'ah Latifiya Bahr al-Ulum on 21st Shawwal al-Mukarram 1371 A.H / 1953 C.E at Kathyar, Bihar & until 1378 A.H / 1960 C.E he was the chief patron of this Jami'ah.
Students of Malik al-Ulama:
The famous student of Malik al-Ulama from Jami'ah Latifiya is Shaykh Khwaja Muzaffar Husayn Razvi Purnavi & among other students are Shaykh Abdur Rauf Qadri Balyavi, Shams al-Ulama Sayyid Shamsuddin Ja'fari Qadri Razvi Jaunpuri, Shaykh Muhammad Zahur Ahmad Nayimi Muradabadi, Shaykh Nizamuddin Balyavi Allahabadi, Shaykh Yahya Balyavi & his son Shaykh Dr. Sayyid Mukhtaruddin Ahmad Arzu Qadri.
Debates:
Malik al-Ulama was engaged in Debates with all the major & leading sub sects of Wahhabiya in India. He also debated the Non Muslim organisations like Arya Samaj & other Christian Missionary groups.
Imam al-Huda Ahmad Raza Khan deputised Malik al-Ulama to Ferozpur, Mewat to have a debate with some miscreants & when Malik al-Ulama returned victorious Imam al-Huda Ahmad Raza presented him with a Madinian Jhubba (Islamic over coat) which Malik al-Ulama accepted by placing it over his head & by kissing it. There are some 9 books of Malik al-Ulama which deal with Debates & related topics.
- "Hayat-e-Malik al-Ulama": Written by his son - Shaykh Dr. Sayyid Mukhtaruddin Ahmad Arzu, Former Dean of Arabic Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. It was Published by Idara Anjum e Numaniya, Lahore, Pakistan.
- "Malik al-Ulama Number" will be published shortly. This will span more than 500 pages & will be edited by Shaykh Allama Malik-uz-Zafar Sahsarami, Editor of the monthly - Al-Kauthar.
- "Jahan-e-Malik al-Ulama": Published by Raza Academy, Mumbai. This Encyclopedia on Malik al-Ulama's life & works is recommended for reading to know his status among the Muhaddithin of his time, as he stands next only to Imam Ahmad Raza Khan in this numerous fields. This compendium contains excellent & research articles penned by the leading scholars spanning over a 1000 pages.
- "Malik al-Ulama aur Ilm-e-Hadith" by Shaykh Muhammad Mahmud Qadri Ashrafi Rifaqati, Published in 4 parts by Mahnama Ashrafia, Mubarakpur, India.
Shaykh Mahmud Ahmad Qadri, the author of the famous Biographical Compendium "Tazkirah Ulama-e-Ahlus Sunnah" wrote a Monologue on the contribution of Malik al-Ulama in the field of Hadith Sciences which was published in 4 parts by the monthly Journal "Mahnama Ashrafiya", Mubarakpur, India in 1979 C.E. Shaykh Mahmud Ahmad writes that Malik al-Ulama wrote no less than 160 books in different branches of Islamic Sciences.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MALIK AL-ULAMA'S WORKS
1. "Nafi al-Bashar fi Fatawa al-Zafar" (1349 A.H / 1930 C.E)
Shaykh Zafaruddin gave his first Fatwa on 8th Ramadhan al-Mubarak 1322 A.H / 1904 C.E & received the general permission for issuing Fatwa from Sayyedi Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddith Barelvi. This is a Compendium of 124 Fatawa (Judicial Verdicts) researched & edited by Shaykh Muhammad Irshad Ahmad Sahil Razvi Sahsarami & published from Bareily. The Fatawa also includes 6 other major monologues. In Print.
Shaykh Sayyid Mukhtaruddin Ahmad in the biography of Malik al-Ulama writes that the total Fatawa in "Nafi al-Bashar" were 1573 Fatawa (Kitab al-Taharah = 90 +, Kitab al-Salat = 431+, Kitab al-Zakat = 45 +, Kitab al-Sawm = 7 + etcetera). It is important to note that there are two different Fatawa Collections of Malik al-Ulama with two different names i.e. "Nafi al-Bashar" & "Majmu al-Fatawa". Most probably the second collection i.e. "Majmu al-Fatawa" which had 124 Fatawa was published recently under the name of ‘Nafi al-Bashar fi Fatawa al-Zafar' instead of it's former name.
2. "Jami al-Razvi al-Ma'ruf bi Sahih al-Bihari"
Amir al-Mu'minin fil Hadith Shaykh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Qadri Dehlavi (958-1052 A.H) was the first major Indian scholar who wrote a Hadith work in the support & defence of Fiqh al-Hanafi titled "Fath al-Mannan fi Tayid al-Nu'man". The famous "Uqud al-Jawahir al-Munifah fi Addalah Abu Hanifa" by Shaykh Sayyid Murtuza Zubaydi Husayni Bilgrami (1145-1205 A.H) comes next in importance.
The first major collection of Hadith in the Indian subcontinent in accordance with the Hanafi 'Usul al-Hadith' (Principles of Hadith) was "Athar al-Sunan" by Shaykh Zaheer Ahsan Shawq Bihari (1278-1322 A.H), but the work abruptly ends at 'Bab fi Ziyarah al-Qubur al-Nabi (Salla Allahu Alayhi wa Sallam)", as the compiler could not collect Hadith after 1318 A.H as he seriously became ill & passed away in 1322 A.H. Athar al-Sunan spans 311 pages & was published for the first time from "Qawmi Press, Lucknow", it was welcomed & appreciated by the leading Ahl us Sunnah Hanafiya scholars which led it to be included in the syllabus of Madaris that were in Bihar. Though Athar al-Sunan proofed itself as an important & excellent approach towards Hadith & Athar which are important according to the Hanafiya's Usul al-Fiqh & Usul al-Hadith, it was incomplete & had very few Hadiths. This was the reason that it could not in any way silence the Wahhabiya La Madhabiya (Ahle Hadith) in maligning & degrading Siraj al-Ummah Imam al-A'zam Abu Hanifa Nu'man bin Sabit (80-150 A.H) & his Mastery in Ilm al-Hadith (Hadith Sciences) & Fiqh (Jurisprudence).
Among others, the contemporary Ahlus Sunnah Hanafi scholars who refuted the Wahhabiya menace & expounded the status of Imam al-A'zam in Hadith & Fiqh were Shaykh al-Muhaddithin Wasi Ahmad Muhaddith Naqshbandi Surati, Amir al-Mu'minin fil Hadith Imam al-Akbar Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddith Barelvi & Shaykh Abdul Hayy Muhaddith Farangi Mahali Lukhnavi in their numerous works devoted in the field of Hadith & Fiqh Sciences, which they wrote in retaliation & refutation of the Wahhabiyan works which were directed towards the Hanafi Fiqh & it's founder.
These Hanafi Hadith Stalwarts were succeeded by the students of Shaykh al-Muhaddithin & Imam al-Akbar Ahmad Raza Khan. Prominent among whom were the below:
- Taj al-Muhaddithin Sadr al-Shariyah Amjad Ali Qadri A'zami who authored "Bahar al-Shariyat" which contains over 3,500 Hadiths in proof & evidence of Fiqh al-Hanafi.
- Faqih al-A'zam Abu Yusuf Muhammad Sharif Muhaddith Kotlavi who authored numerous research Articles (Maqalat) & published them under the titles "Fiqh al-Faqih", "Dalail al-Masail" & in the monthly Journal "Al-Faqih", Amritsar.
- Muhaddith al-Azam Hind Sayyid Muhammad Ashrafi Jilani Kichochavi who mainly refuted the Ghayr Muqalldin Wahhabiya through his numerous debates & speeches & by authoring books like "Taqwal Qulub".
- Malik al-Muhaddithin Fazil-e-Bihar Sayyid Muhammad Zafaruddin Muhaddith Bihari in "Jami al-Razvi al-Ma'ruf bi Sahih al-Bihari" in which he compiled thousands of Hadiths & Athar.
Malik al-Ulama started writing & compiling his Magnum Opus Jami al-Razvi in 1337 A.H / 1919 C.E & planned to finish it in 24 parts in 6 Volumes & with each volume spanning approximately 1.000 pages in accordance with the Hanafi Usul al-Fiqh & Hadith. He initially named this compendium as "Sunan al-Razvi" but later on as the collection of Hadith grew voluminous; he named it "Jami al-Razvi".
The Muqaddamah of Jami al-Razvi on Usul al-Hadith in 32 sections spanning 25 pages is a revised edition of his "Al-Ifadat al-Razviya" (1344 A.H / 1925 C.E) which he learnt & studied under Imam al-Muhaddithin Ahmad Raza Khan Bareilvi on Usul al-Hadith.
The First (1) volume entirely deals with "Kitab al-Aqaid", this volume was hard for the general-Ulama & Ummah to understand & derive rulings without it's commentary & explanation while the Hadith's contained in other volumes were comparatively more important as regards to their general need, easiness in understanding, apart from being beneficial in day to day Fiqhi issues. Therefore, the first volume was not published.
The Second (2) volume deals with "Kitab al-Taharah" & "Kitab al-Salat" & was published in four (4) parts.
The first (1) part Kitab al-Taharah itself contains a whooping 2234 Hadith's & spans 220 pages. This was published from the city of Agra in 1931 C.E. The next three parts comprised of Kitab al-Salat & were published from 1932 C.E to 1937 C.E from Patna.
The second (2) part contains 3068 Hadith's spanning on 288 pages, the third (3) part contains 2,136 Hadith's spanning 216 pages, the fourth (4) part contains 1,849 Hadith's spanning 239 pages.
Thus the Second (2) volume alone contains a total of 9,286 Hadiths spanning 960 pages! This volume alone buries the myth of Ghayr Muqallidin & other distracters of Hanafiya that Fiqh al-Hanafi is a mere collections of opinions of Imam al-azam & his students & is not based on the Hadith of Rasul Allah (Salla Allahu Alayhi wa Sallam) & Athaar of Sahaba. This Volume was reprinted in 1992 C.E from Mumbai, India.
The Third (3) volume consists of "Kitab al-Zakat", "Kitab al-Hajj" & 'Kitab al-Sawm". The Fourth (4) volume consists of "Kitab al-Nikah' to "Kitab al-Waqf". The Fifth (5) volume "Kitab al-Buyu", to "Kitab al-Ghasab". The Sixth (6) volume contains "Kitab al-Shifa' to "Kitab al-Faraiz". The Raza Foundation, Jami'ah Nizamiya Razviya based in Lahore is editing & working on the Volumes 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6.
Jami al-Razvi took the scholarly circles of the Indian subcontinent by storm especially the Hanafiya Scholars. Critical & Favourable Reviews by almost all the leading scholars of Ahlus Sunnah appeared in the Journals & Newspapers. Among the Ahlus Sunnah who hailed the work as Magnum Opus Hadith collection of Hanafiya were: (1). Shaykh Saeed al-Rahman Khan, (2). Bahr al-Ulum Shaykh Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui Qadri Hyderabadi, the author of "Tafsir al-Siddiqui" & Former Professor & Dean of Faculty of Islamic Studies, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. (3). Shaykh Sayyid Hayder Waliullah Qadri of Jami'ah Latifiya, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. (4). Shaykh Sayyid Shah Muhyuddin Bihari, (5). Shaykh Hyder Sharif of Madrasa Nizamiya Imdad al-Ma'arif, Hyderabad. (6). Hakeem al-Ummah Mufti Ahmad Yaar Khan Ashrafi Nayimi Badayuni, the author of "Tafsir al-Nayimi & "Mirat al-Manajih fi Sharh Mishkat al-Masabih". (7). Sayyid al-Mutakallimin Sayyid Sulayman Ashraf Qadri Bihari, the author of "Al-Mubin" & Former Professor & Dean of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. (8). Hafiz al-Millah Hafiz Abdul Aziz Qadri Ashrafi Muhaddith Mubarakpuri, the founder of "Jami'ah al-Ashrafiya", Mubarakpur, India. (9). Faqih al-A'zam Muhammad Sharif Muhaddith Qadri Kotlavi in the monthly Journal "Al-Faqih". (10). Shaykh Shah Habib al-Haq, Patna & (11). Shaykh Ali Asghar Ja'fari of Madrasa Islah al-Muslimin, Patna.
Jami al-Razvi was also praised by the Wahhabiya Deobandiya scholars (1). Maulana Syed Sulaiman Nadvi of Nadwat al-Ulama, Lucknow, India. (2). Maulana Abdul Majid Daryabadi. The above two are the famous Khulafa of Wahhabi Supremo Maulvi Ashraf Ali Thanvi. (3). Maulana Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi, the chief student & khalifa of Shaykh al-Hadith of Wahhabiya Maulana Anwar Shah Kashmiri. (4). The chief of the Wahhabiya La Madhabiya (Salafiya / Ahle Hadith) in the subcontinent Maulana Sanaullah Amritsari also praised Malik al-Ulama in his monthly Journal "Ahle Hadith", Amritsar, India & (5). Shaykh Shah Izzuddin Nadvi of Nadwat al-Ulama, Lucknow, India.
3. "Tanvir al-Misbah lil Qiyam Inda Hayya ala al-Falah" (1330 A.H / 1912 C.E)
Written in Urdu, this book contains the verifications & endorsements of 181 Hanafi scholars of the Indian subcontinent & spans 74 pages dealing with the appropriate time for standing for Salah during Iqamah (second call for prayer) according to Hanafi Jurisprudence. In print. This book is also included in the new edition of Fatawa al-Zafar.
4. "Eid ka Chand" (1370 A.H / 1951 C.E)
This book is in Urdu regarding the Ruyat-e-Hilal (moon sighting) & it's different Masail.
5. "Tuhfat al-Ahbab fi Fath al-Kawat wal Bab" (1337 A.H / 1919 C.E)
6. "A'lam al-Sajid bi Sarf Jilud al-Azhiyat fil Masajid" (1325 A.H / 1907 C.E)
Written in Urdu, this book deals with Sharai' commandments regarding the construction of Masjid with the sale of sacrificed animal skins.
7. "Nusrat al-Ashab bi Aqsam Isaal al-Sawab" (1354 A.H / 1935 C.E)
One of the most authoritative & extensive works on the subject of "Isaal al-Sawab" (conveying the reward to the Dead). This book was written in response to the questions forwarded by the famous Heretical Ahle Quran Scholar Maulana Sayyid Muhiuddin Tamanna Bhawalpuri (1888-1974 C.E). Spanning 198 pages in Urdu, it was published in India in the new edition of Fatawa al-Zafr from Bareilly & in Pakistan by Maktaba Jamal-e-Karam, Lahore.
Malik al-Ulama stated the facts & proofs clearly in his unique style & adduced the permissibility of this virtuous act from the Holy Quran, the authentic Hadith of the Beloved Muhammad (salla Allahu Alayhi wa Sallam) & the practice of the Salaf along with the position of Imam al-A'zam Abu Hanifa Nu'man bin Sabit (80-150 A.H) & his noble student Imam Abu Yusuf in the light of Imam Abu Hanifa’s Wasiya (will) to his son Imam Hammad bin Abu Hanifa.
Malik al-Ulama describes some 25 distinct methods of "Isaal al-Sawab" which is an indication of his mastery in the field of Religious Sciences.
8. "Mawahib Arwah al-Quds al-Kashf Hukm al-Urs" (1323-4 A.H / 1905 C.E)
Spanning 74 pages in Urdu, Shaykh Zafaruddin presents powerful proofs on the justification of Urs i.e. celebrating the Death Anniversary of Auliya Allah. This is the best of all books available on this topic.
Madrisa Islamiya Shams-ul-Huda (Patna) where Malik al-Ulama served for almost 30 years.
9. "Al-Qawl al-Azhar fil Azan bain Yadi al-Mimbar" (1333 A.H / 1915 C.E)
This book was in Urdu written in response to a question, unfortunately now lost.
10. "Al-Hussam al-Maslul ala Munkir Ilm al-Rasul" (1323 A.H / 1905 C.E)
11. "Zafaruddin al-Jayyid" (1323 A.H / 1905 C.E)
12. "Sharh Kitab al-Shifa bi Tareef Huquq al-Mustafa" (1324 A.H / 1906 C.E)
Shaykh Zafaruddin started this work in 1324 A.H but it was left incomplete due to his untimely death in 1382 A.H / 1962 C.E. Had it been completed it would have been the master "Sharh" (explanation) of Kitab al-Shifa surpassing all previous "Shuruhat" (Explanations & Annotations).
13. "Mubin al-Huda fi Nafi Imkan Misl al-Mustafa" (1324 A.H / 1906 C.E)
14. "At-Ta'liq alal Quduri" (1325 A.H / 1907 C.E)
15. "Bist al-Rahata fil Hizr wal Ibahata" (1326 A.H / 1908 C.E) (Fiqh / Usul al-Fiqh)
16. "Al-Fayz al-Razvi fi Takmil al-Hamvi" (1326 A.H / 1908 C.E) (Fiqh / Usul al-Fiqh)
17. "Shikast Safahat" (1326 A.H / 1908 C.E)
This book was written in Urdu by Malik-ul-Ulama after coming back victorious from the Debates held at Ferozpur, Mewat, India. This book deals with the proceedings that took place during the debate.
18. "Al-Mujammal al-Mua'did li Talifat al-Mujaddid" (1327 A.H / 1909 C.E)
Malik al-Ulama compiled the Chronological Bibliography of the 350 books written by the Sayyedi Shaykh Imam Ahmad Raza Khan Muhaddith Hanafi Qadri Barelvi (May Allah sanctify his secrets) on more than fifty branches of knowledge which shows the encyclopaedic knowledge of the erudite Imam pertaining to ancient, modern & current sciences along with oriental learning. This book was written during the lifetime of Sayyedi Imam Ahmad Raza some 13 years before his demise.
Imam Ahmad Raza was a genius author having started writing from a very young age. His first book was the Arabic commentary (sharh) of Hidaya al-Nahv, which he wrote at the age of 10 years. The second book was "Zau' al-Nihaya fi A'lam al-Humaddid al-Hidaya" in Arabic which he wrote in 1285 A.H / 1868 C.E at the age of 13 years. In 1303 A.H / 1887 C.E at the age of 30 years he had completed 75 books & treatises. In 1327 A.H / 1909 C.E this number increased to 500 major works. Apart from these extraordinary contributions, the Imam had written annotations & commentaries on more than 150 Hadith books.
Noori Masjid at Madrisa Islamiya Shams-ul-Huda (Patna) where Malik al-Ulama used to offer Salah (Prayers).
19. "Zafaruddin al-Tayyib" (1327 A.H / 1909 C.E)
20. “Sijim al-Kanzah alal Kalab al-Mumtarah" (1328 A.H / 1910 C.E)
21. "An-Nabras li Dafa'a Zalam al-Minhas" (1329 A.H / 1911 C.E)
22. "Al-Jawahir wa al-Yawaqeet fi Ilm al-Tauqeet" (1330 A.H / 1912 C.E)
23. "At-Tahqiq al-Mubin li Kalimat al-Tauhin" (1330 A.H / 1912 C.E)
24. "Ateeb al-Aksir fi Ilm al-Taksir" (1330 A.H / 1912 C.E)
25. "At-Ta'liq ala Shuruh al-Mughni" (1331 A.H / 1913 C.E)
26. "Dafa'a al-Khilaf min Bayn al-Ahnaf" (1332 A.H / 1914 C.E)
27. "Khair al-Suluk fi Nasab al-Maluk" (1333 A.H / 1915 C.E)
28. "Nuzul al-Sakinata bi Asanid wa Ijazat al-Mutayyana" (1333 A.H / 1915 C.E)
29. "Jawahir al-Bayan fi Tarjumah Khayrat al-Hisan" (1333 A.H / 1915 C.E)
30. "Kashf al-Sutur an Manazirah Rampur" (1334 A.H / 1916 C.E)
About the Debates that were held at Rampur with the Wahhabiya, India.
31. "Ganjinai' Manazirah" (1334 A.H / 1916 C.E)
This book is regarding the Debate with the Wahhabiya held at Calcutta, India.
32. "Taqrib" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E)
33. "Tahzib" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E) (Falsafa / Philosophy)
34. "Wafiya" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E)
35. "Badr al-Islam li Miqat Kulli as-Salat wal Siyam" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E)
36. "Mua’zin al-Awqat" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E)
This book contains Takhrij (sourcing) of Time for Salah for 10 cities.
37. "A'afiya" (1335 A.H / 1917 C.E)
38. "Nazm al-Mabani fi Huruf al-Ma'ani" (1337 A.H / 1919 C.E)
39. "Tuhfat al-Ahbar fi Akhbar al-Akhyar" (1337 A.H / 1919 C.E)
This book was his compilation of biographical notes on the Auliya & Ulama of India, expanding an earlier work on this theme by Shaykh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlavi.
40. "Al-Aksir fi Ilm al-Taksir" (1337 A.H / 1919 C.E)
41. "Surur al-Qalb al-Mahzun fi al-Sabr an-Nur al-Uyun" (1338 A.H / 1920 C.E)
42. "Nadwat al-Ulama" (1338 A.H / 1920 C.E)
43. "Hadi al-Hidayatah li Tark al-Mawalatah" (1339 A.H / 1921 C.E)
44. "Tauzih al-Falak Ma’ruf bi Sallim al-Sama'a" (1340 A.H / 1921 C.E)
45. "A'lam al-A'lam bi Ahwal al-Arab Qabl al-Islam" (1341 A.H / 1922 C.E)
46. "Nihayat al-Muntaha fi Sharh Hidayat al-Mubtada" (1343 A.H / 1924 C.E)
47. "Al-Ifadat al-Razvia" (1344 A.H / 1925 C.E)
48. "Dilchasp Mukalma" (1347 A.H / 1928 C.E)
49. "Tahsil al-Usul ila Ilm al-Usul" (1348 A.H / 1929 C.E) (Fiqh / Usul al-Fiqh)
50. "Tanvir al-Siraj fi Zikr al-Mairaj" (1353 A.H / 1934 C.E)
This is one of the greatest works of Tafsir on a single Ayah of the Holy Quran i.e. The Ayah of Mairaj al-Nabi (Salla Allahu Alayhi wa Sallam) in Surah Bani Israil (#17), Part # 15, Verse # 1." Glory be to Him who took His bondman (Muhammad ) for Isra (the exalted night visit to the Heavens) by night from the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) to the Mosque of Aqsa (Masjid al-Aqsa), the surroundings of which We have blessed that We might show him some of Our grand Signs. Surely, He alone is the All Hearing, the All Knowing".
Malik al-Ulama every year on the occasion of Mairaj al-Nabi (SallAllahu Alayhi wa Sallam) used to give sermon on a part of Ayah of Mairaj on the invitation of Shaykh Sayyid Hameeduddin (d.1364 A.H), the Sajjadah Nashin of Khanqah Shaykh Shah Sayyid Ruknuddin Ishq (d.1203 A.H) at their Khanqah. Malik al-Ulama's sermons used to be written down by his students & afterwards he used to recheck & approve them. First year Malik al-Ulama gave sermon on "Bismillah hir Rahman nir Rahim" only, the Second (2) year he gave sermon only on the word "Subhan", the Third (3) year on the word "Al Lazee", the Fourth (4) year on the word "Isra", the Fifth (5), Sixth (6) & Seventh (7) year (all three years) he gave sermon only on the word "Bi Abdihi"! The Eight (8) & Ninth (9) year on the word "Laylan", the Tenth (10) & Eleventh (11) year on the word "Min" & it's relation with Prophet Muhammad (Salla Allahu Alayhi wa Sallam)!
The manuscript of the sermon given in the Twelfth (12) year is not available. Most probably the following years he gave lectures on the words "Masjid al-Haram" & "Masjid al-Aqsa". Each sermon used to last 2-3 hours attended by leading Mufassirin & Muhaddithin of India.
Malik al-Ulama each year with the permission of Shaykh Sayyid Hameeduddin used to invite other leading scholars of the subcontinent to this noble gathering on the occasion of Mairaj. Thus Shaykh Sayyid Shah Qamar al-Huda Mongeri; Shaykh Mushtaq Ahmad Kanpuri (d. 1385 A.H / 1963 C.E) of Madrasa al-Aliya, Kolkata; Shaykh Abdul Wahid Badayuni Qadri; Muhaddith al-A'zam Hind Sayyid Muhammad Ashrafi Jilani Kichochavi (d. 1383 A.H / 1963 C.E); Shaykh Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (d.1390 A.H /1970 C.E); Shaykh Abdul Majeed Barelvi (d.1362 A.H /1943 C.E); Shaykh Sayyid Wasi Ahmad Nayimi Sahsarami of Jami'ah Nayimiya, Muradabad; Sadr al-Afazil Sayyid Nayimuddin Qadri Ashrafi Muradabadi (d.1367 A.H / 1948 C.E) & Shaykh Qazi Shah Muhammad Ahsan al-Haq Nayimi Ashrafi were invited respectively.
The manuscripts of all the Sermons are present except the Twelfth Sermon. This series of sermons started in 1353 A.H / 1934 C.E & ended in 1365 A.H / 1946 C.E. Only the sermon of Eleventh (11) year i.e. 1365 A.H / 1946 C.E was first published from Razvi Dar al-Kutub, Lahore & was reprinted in 1978 C.E. Unfortunately, the rest of the series is still un-published.
51. "Anwar al-Alama' Min ash Shams al Bazagha" (1357 A.H / 1938 C.E) (Falsafa / Philosophy)
52. "Al-Fawaid al-Tamma fi Ajubat al-Umur al Amma" (1357 A.H / 1938 C.E) (Aqaid / Kalam)
53. "Jami' al Aqwal fi Ruwiyat al-Hilal" (1357 A.H / 1938 C.E)
54. "Mashriqi Oor Simt-e-Qibla" (1358 A.H / 1939 C.E)
55. "Mawlud al-Razvi” (1360 A.H / 1941 C.E)
56. "Tuhfat al-Azma fi Fazl al-Ulama" (1365 A.H / 1946 C.E)
57. "Sidd al-Farar li Muhajiril Bihar" (1366 A.H / 1947 C.E)
58. "Chawdhviyn Sadi kay Mujaddid" (1367 A.H / 1948 C.E)
59. "Hayat A'la Hazrat" (1369 A.H / 1950 C.E)
60."An-Nur wa Ziya fi Salasil al-Auliya" (1382 A.H / 1962 C.E)
Demise of Malik al-Muhaddithin:
Malik al-Ulama Mufti Sayyid Zafaruddin Jilani Qadri Bihari passed away on 19th Jamadi al-Akhir 1382 A.H corresponding to 18th November 1962 C.E at his Residence - "Zafar Manzil", Patna while engrossed in Loud Zikr (Zikr e Jahri) - "Allah-Allah-Allah". May Allah Sanctify his noble Soul, Ameen! His funeral prayer was led by Hazrat Allama Shah Ayyub Abdali Shahidi Rashidi Islampuri & he was laid to rest in a nearby graveyard. He was succeeded by his son – Allama Dr Sayyid Mukhtaruddin Qadri "Arzu", the former head & dean of Arabic Dept at Aligarh Muslim University, India.
Mazar Sharif of Malik al-Ulama & His Wife (may Allah be pleased with them) at Shah Ganj Cemetery, Patna.
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