Imam Badruddin Ainee

Badr al-Din al-'Ayni born 762 AH (1360 CE), died 855 AH (1453 CE) was a Sunni Islamic scholar of the Hanafi madh'hab. Al-'Ayni is an abbreviation for al-'Ayntabi, referring to his native city.

Biography:

He was born into a scholarly family in 762 AH (1360 CE) in the city of 'Ayntab (which is now Gaziantep in modern Turkey). He studied history, adab & Islamic religious sciences & was fluent in Turkish. There is some evidence that he also knew at least some Persian. In 788 AH (1386 CE) he travelled to Jerusalem, where he met the Hanafi shaykh al-Sayrami, who was the head of the newly established Zahiriyah madrasah (school) & khanqah (Sufi retreat.) Al-Sayrami invited al-'Ayni to accompany him home to Cairo, where he became one of the Sufis of the Zāhiriyah. This was a step upward for the young al-'Ayni, as it represented entry into "an institution with ties to the highest level of the ruling elite."

He established a good reputation & initially met with favor. However, after al-Sayrami died in 790 AH (1388 CE), al-'Ayni became involved in a personality conflict with the amir Jarkas al-Khalil, who tried to run him out of Cairo. Al-'Ayni later described al-Khalīlī as arrogant & dictatorial - "a man pleased by his own opinion." He was saved from expulsion by one of his teachers, Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini, but prudently decided to leave for a time anyway.

From Cairo he went to teach in Damascus, where he was appointed muhtasib (overseer of sharia in the marketplace) by the amir & returned to Cairo some time before 800 AH (1398 CE.)

Once back in Cairo, al-'Ayni strengthened his social & political position by associating with several amirs, making the Hajj with the amir Tamarbugha al-Mashtub. He also had the patronage of the powerful amir Jakm min 'Awd, who was dawadār (literally "inkstand-holder": a secretary or confidential advisor) to the Sultan Barquq. After the death of Barqūq, al-'Ayni became the muhtasib of Cairo, displacing the scholar al-Maqrizi. According to al-Maqrizi (an interested party) it was Jakm who obtained the post for al-'Ayni; however, the historian Ibn Taghribirdi states that it was a cooperative effort by Jakm & two other amirs, Qalamtay al-'Usmani & Taghribirdi al-Qurdami. In any case, this was the beginning of a lifelong feud between the two 'ulama: "From that day on, there was hostility between the two men until they both died."

Al-'Ayni & al-Maqrizi succeeded each other as muhtasib of Cairo several times over the next few years, probably a reflection of the power struggle between Jakm min 'Awd & al-Maqrizi's patron, Yashbak al-Sha'bani. Neither held the post for very long. In the reign of al-Nasir Faraj, Barquq's son & successor, al-'Ayni was appointed to the "lucrative & prestigious" post of nazir al-ahbas (overseer of pious endowments.) He would be dismissed from & reappointed to this post several times, finally securing it for good in the reign of the Sultan Mu'ayyad Shaykh & keeping it until he was ninety-one.

Al-'Ayni's prestige grew as he aged. Mu'ayyad Shaykh named him ambassador to the Qaramanids in 823 AH (1420 CE.) Later in life he would be called upon to lecture on learned topics before the Sultan, sometimes reading history aloud in Arabic & explaining it in Turkish for the Sultan's benefit. The Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay is reported to have said "Islam is known only through him" & law "la al-'ayntabi la-kana fi islamina shay", "If not for al-'Ayntabi there would be something suspect in our Islam." Barsbay sometimes sent al-'Ayni as his representative to greet foreign dignitaries, apparently because of his fluency in several languages.

Barsbay often turned to al-'Ayni for advice on legal matters & named him chief Hanafi qadi (judge) in 829 AH (1426 CE.) He was dismissed from this post after three years; by his own report, both he & the chief Shafi'i qadi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, were dismissed at the same time because their constant feuding was distracting them from their duties; though he adds that this was a calumny spread by his enemies at court. He was later reappointed.

In the reign of Barsbay's successor, al-Aziz Jaqmaq, al-'Ayni was dismissed as chief Hanafi qadi again. He withdrew from court & concentrated on his scholarly writing. In 853 AH (1449 CE) he was dismissed as nazir al-ahbas, probably because of failing memory. He died in 855 AH (1451 CE) at the age of ninety-three, having outlived all his children & was buried in his own madrasah in Cairo.

Works:

• Umdat al-Qari
• al-Binaya Sharh al-Hidaya
• al-Sayf al-Muhammad fi Sīrat al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad (A biography of the Sultan Mu'ayyad Shaykh)
• 'Iqd al-Juman fi Ta'rikh Ahl al-Zaman
• ar-Rad al-Waafir (Arabic: الرد الوافر)
• Nukhab al-Afkar fi Tahqiq Mabani al-Akhbar fi Sharh Ma'ani al-Aathar
• Sharh Sunan Abu daud - published in Pakistan

Imam Badruddin Mehmood Aini Shaarah-e-Bukhaari (radi Allahu anhu)