Some people do not accept that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) has been blessed by Allah Ta'ala with Ilm-e-Ghayb (Knowledge of the Unseen). The Ahle Sunnat Wal Jama'at believes that the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), after being informed by Allah Ta'ala, is aware of everything that happened & will happen.
"Ghayb" is that hidden thing which cannot be perceived by human senses nor can be known through human wisdom. The Holy Quran has mentioned Ilm-e-Ghayb in several verses & has declared that this Knowledge is one of the Attributes of Allah. "Say thou, (O Muhammad)! The Knowledge of Unseen belongeth unto Allah alone." (Surah Yunus, 10:20) See also (Surah Ana'm 6:59; Surah Baqarah, 2:33; Surah Hud, 10:31). These verses indicate that the Knowledge of Unseen belongs to Allah Ta'ala Alone. Nobody on his own has this knowledge nor can anybody possess this Divine Treasure. However, these verses have nowhere indicated Allah Ta'ala to say that He does not grant this Knowledge of Unseen to anybody.
Allah Ta'ala says: "Allah Alone is the Knower of the Unseen. He never grants the Knowledge of his Ghayb to anyone but to His chosen Messengers & appoints guard before them & behind them." (Surah Jinn, 72:26-27).
The Holy Quran has mentioned at various places that Allah Ta'ala has granted the Knowledge of Unseen to His exalted Prophets. See (Surah Baqarah, 2:31; Surah Baqarah, 2: 251; Surah Naml, 27:16; Surah Ambiya, 21:74; Surah Yusuf, 12:68; Surah Yusuf, 12:96; Surah Qasas, 28:14).
The Knowledge of Unseen was also given to the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). This was his biggest miracle. The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was granted the knowledge equivalent to the knowledge which was given to 124,000 or more Prophets.
The Quran say: "And, O Beloved (Prophet)! If there had not been the Grace & Mercy of Allah upon you, then some people of them had wished to defraud you. & they are misleading themselves only & they will not hurt you in anything. & Allah has sent down to you the Book of Wisdom & has taught you what you did not know & great is the Grace of Allah upon you." (Surah Nisa 4:113) This verse proves that not a single thing in both worlds is left excluded from the knowledge of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). The word "Great Grace" verifies this fact. The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was taught by Allah Ta'ala.
The Holy Quran say: "These are the tidings of Unseen that We reveal to you in secret. & you were not with them when they drew lots with their pen that under those guardianship Maryam should be given & you were not with then when they were disputing." (Surah Ale Imraan, 3:44) In this verse, the Holy Quran gives the reason of mentioning the episodes of the past Prophets. Allah Ta'ala says: O Beloved One! These episodes are not mentioned as mere tales of the past. We have mentioned these events to prove your Prophethood. The Knowledge of Unseen will become the testimony of your special status as the Apostle of Allah Ta'ala. O Prophet! These is among those events of which the accurate records are now obliterated altogether & there is no means of knowing in full & exact details except by Revelation.
The phrase "tidings of the Unseen" indicate that Allah Ta'ala has given the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the knowledge of those things, which happened long before him or to happen in the distant future.
The Holy Quran, which was revealed to Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) contained everything that he would need in religion & in world affairs as well. The Holy Quran says that Allah Ta'ala taught His Beloved the Quran. He created Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the soul of the Mankind & taught him the knowledge of the past & the present.
The Holy Quran says: "& taught you that which you knew not. & this is a great favour of Allah Ta'ala upon you."
Tafseer-e-Jalalain says Allah Ta'ala taught His Apostle (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the commandments & the Unseen. Tafseer-e-Kabir observes that Allah Ta'ala revealed to Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the Holy Quran & the knowledge & taught him the Divine Secrets & implications. Tafseer-e-Jalalain says that Allah Ta'ala taught the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the Shari'at Laws & the religion & taught him the Unseen, which he knew not & gave him the knowledge of that which was hidden in the human mind & disclosed to him the evil doings of the Hypocrites. Tafseer-e-Hussaini Bahr-ul-Haqaeq says that the above verse refers to the absolute knowledge of all Unseen which Allah Ta'ala granted to Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) during the Me'raj. The Hadees of Me'raj reports the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) as saying: "I was beneath the Arsh when Allah put a drop into my throat & (with that) I attained the knowledge of the past & the future."
Commentators observe that Allah Ta'ala has created Lauh-e-Mahfooz, a Tablet on which the Destinies of the world since it's creation are written. It contains the Knowledge of all possible things. The knowledge of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) encompasses the Lauh. The Holy Quran contains whatever is written in the Lauh & since the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) has been taught the Quran, he has the Knowledge of the Lauh-e-Mahfooz.
Allah Ta'ala showed Sayyiduna Adam (alaihis salaam) all His creatures in person & made him learn the things by their names. Allah Ta'ala taught him the names of those who would be in his generation & also taught him all the languages. Allah Ta'ala also taught him the Names of Angels & all human beings who would belong to his generation & the names of animals & vegetation, & taught him to manufacture things & taught him the names of the cities & towns, trees & the names of those whom He will create until Doomsday & taught him the names of all the gifts in Paradise.
The knowledge of Sayyiduna Adam (alaihis salaam), who is first Khalifa (vicegerent) of Prophet Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), is a drop in the ocean when compared with the knowledge that Allah Ta'ala gave to his beloved Prophet Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). When the knowledge of a Khalifa is so vast & overwhelming, one can well estimate the magnitude of the knowledge of the original person.
Commentators say that the knowledge of Auliya if compared with the knowledge of the Prophets is just like a drop in seven seas & the knowledge of Prophets is like the same when compared with the knowledge of Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) & the knowledge of Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) when compared with that of Allah is just like a drop out of seven seas.
The fact that Allah Ta'ala has granted Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) the Knowledge of Unseen, can be explained in three dimensions:
- Firstly, he was given the Knowledge of the Unseen directly: (Surah Hud, 11:49) - "These tidings of Unseen, We reveal to you. Neither you did know nor your people before this. Then be patient. No doubt there is good for the duty-bound." See also (Surah Yusuf, 12:102; Surah Takvir, 81:24).
- He was given the Quran, which is the treasure house of the Knowledge of the Unseen: "O People of the Book! Undoubtedly, Our Messenger has come to you who makes clear to you much of that which you had hidden in the Book & pardons much. Undoubtedly, there has come to you from Allah a Light & a Book Luminous." (Surah Maidah, 5:15) See also (Surah Nahl, 16:89; Surah Yusuf, 12:111; Surah An'am, 6:38; Surah Naml, 27:75; Surah An'am, 6:59).
- He was sent as a witness. A witness can only be that person who is present at the place & time of happening & sees everything by himself. "Surely we have sent you as a witness (present & seeing) & a bearer of Glad Tidings & a Warner." (Surah Fath, 48:8) See also (Surah Nisa, 4:41; Surah Muzzammil, 73:15). These verses prove that Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) will stand witness on the Day of Judgement. He will not only bear witness for his own Ummah but also for the Ummah of other Prophets.
The following Traditions of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) also indicate that Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) has been granted comprehensive Knowledge of Unseen:
The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "I can see at my back in the same manner as I can see in my front." (Sahih Muslim) The Holy Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) saw Nabi Musa (alaihis salaam) loudly reciting the Tasbih in the valley of Azraq.
The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was going from Medina to Mecca. Then he saw Sayyiduna Yunus (alaihis salaam) wearing a woollen garb & riding a red she-camel in the valley of Hersh. (Ibn-e-Majah)
Another Hadees reports Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) beholding the Paradise & the Hell. (Muslim) Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) knows the name of each inmate of the Heaven & the Hell. (Miskhat)
The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "My Ummah has been presented to me along with its good & bad deeds." (Muslim)
The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said: "Last night my Ummah was presented to me near my house. I know each & every person more intimately than you know about your colleagues." (Anba-el-Mustafa)
Sayyiduna Usman ibn-e-Khattab (radi Allahu anhu) narrates: "The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was camping with us at a place where he gave us information about the creation of the world."
The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) is reported to have said: "Allah has shrunk the earth for me so I could see its easts & wests." (Mishkat)
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (radi Allahu anhu) has narrated that the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said, "Allah has put the entire earth before me. I can see the Universe & the things which are going to happen here till the Doomsday like I see my palm."
Sayyiduna Huzaifa (radi Allahu anhu) has reported: "The Apostle of Allah, Sayyiduna Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), informed us about three hundred or more persons who would appear on the face of the earth & generate tension & crises among the Muslims. The Apostle of Allah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) told us their names along with their father's names & their tribe as well." (Mishkat)
Sayyidah Ayesha (radi Allahu anha) asked the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), "O Prophet! Is there any person in the world whose virtues are equal to the number of stars?" The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said, "Yes & he is Umar (radi Allahu anhu)". This Hadees shows that the Holy Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam) has the knowledge of all apparent & hidden actions of people & also the knowledge of stars.
Sayyiduna Huzayfah Ibn-e-Usayd (radi Allahu anhu) reported that the Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said, "Last night my Ummah was presented to me from beginning to the end." The companions asked, "O Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), how could you see those who were not even created so far." He said, "Allah created the faces of my Ummah in water, soil & I could recognise each of them better than that you know your colleagues."And, finally, what can be hidden from the person who could see Allah Ta'ala! The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) says: "I saw Allah the Almighty. Allah put His Hand at my back & I felt it's coolness in my chest. The very moment, everything became known to me & I recognized everything." (Tirmidi; Mishkat)
- The Holy Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said, "Ubai bin Khalaf will be killed in my hands". Suraqah bin Malik will wear the gold bangles of Khosroes.
- Informing about the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (radi Allahu anhu) years before his assassination at Karbala.
- Informing about the split in the Muslim nation into 73 Sects, with one Sect following the righteous path.
- During the Uhud battle, he informed that the Angels have taken away the body of Sayyiduna Hunzulah (radi Allahu anhu) to give him the last bath.
- Informing that his wife with long arms (Sayyida Zainab - radi Allahu anha) would be first among his wives to join him after death.
- He said that Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) is the inmate of the Paradise.
- Imam Hussain & Imam Hassan (radi Allahu anhuma) are the Chief of Youths in the Heaven.
- Sayyidah Fatima Zahra (radi Allahu anha) is the Chief of Women in the Paradise.
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