Allah Ta'ala is One. There is no one equal to Allah Ta'ala, either in being, qualities, actions, commands or names. Allah Ta'ala is "Waajib-ul-Wujood" in other words, His Existence is compulsory. His destruction is impossible. Allah Ta'ala always was & always will be. The term used to define the continuous existence of Allah Ta'ala is "Qadeem". "Qadeem" means "that which always existed & will always exist". Allah Ta'ala is not dependant upon anyone or anything. The entire universe depends on Allah Ta'ala. Like Allah Ta'ala, His Qualities are also "Qadeem". With the exception of Allah Ta'ala & His Qualities, everything else is "Haadees". or "Haadees" means "a creation or that which was created by Allah Ta'ala". Any person who says that Allah Ta'ala's Qualities are "Haadees" or says that any creation is "Qadeem" is a misled person.
Allah Ta'ala is neither anyone's father, not is He anyone's son. Allah Ta'ala does not have a wife. Anyone who shows Allah Ta'ala to have a father or for Him to be anyone's son or to prove that Allah Ta'ala has a wife is a Kaafir (non-believer). If anyone thinks or imagines this to be possible, then that person he is misled & irreligious.
Allah Ta'ala is present & in existence. The term used to define this is "Hai". Everyone's life & existence is in the control of Allah Ta'ala. He gives life & causes death to whomever He pleases.
It is also not necessary that everything in the power of Allah Ta'ala should come into existence even though it is possible for it to come into existence. An example of this is that if Allah Ta'ala wills, He may create a mountain made from solid gold, but there is no such mountain. However, if Allah Ta'ala wishes, then it will exist even though it does not exist at present.
Allah Ta'ala is the possessor of all excellence & all good. Allah Ta'ala is pure & free of all those things, which have shortages (defects). In other words, for Him to possess any defect is "Muhaal". "Muhaal" is "that which will never be possible, that which can never be". Allah Ta'ala is free from lies, tyranny, ignorance & shamelessness. These qualities are totally "Muhaal" for Allah Ta'ala. To accept that Allah Ta'ala has the power to lie is to show Allah Ta'ala to have a defect & to reject Allah Ta'ala.
Existence, Power, Hearing, Seeing, Speech, Knowledge & Intention, etc. are the Divine Qualities of Allah Ta'ala. The Hearing, Seeing & Speech of Allah Ta'ala, however, does not depend on ears, eyes or tongue, since these are all human organs & Allah Ta'ala is free from all human forms. Allah Ta'ala hears the softest of softest sounds & sees the smallest of smallest objects. He sees even that which cannot be seen under the lens of a microscope, but His sight & Hearing are not only limited to these things. He Sees & Hears everything.
Like His other Qualities, His Speech is also "Qadeem" & not "Haadees". Whosoever accepts the Quran-e-Azeem to be a creation, according to Imam-e-Azam Abu Hanifa (radi Allahu anhu) & the other Imams (radi Allahu anhum), such a person is a Kaafir (non-believer) & his infidelity is also proven from the Sahaba-e-Kiraam (radi Allahu anhumul ajma'in). Allah Ta'ala's Speech is free from sound. The Holy Quran that we recite & write is "Qadeem" & without sound. Our recitation, our writing & our voice is "Haadees". In other words, our recitation is "Haadees" & that which we recite is "Qadeem." Our writing is "Haadees" & that which we have memorised is "Qadeem."The Knowledge of Allah Ta'ala encompasses everything, be it partial, complete, existing or non-existing. Allah Ta'ala always knew everything, knows everything & will always know everything. Objects change, but the Knowledge of Allah Ta'ala does not change. He has knowledge of the trouble & the fears of the heart & there is no limit to His knowledge.
Allah Ta'ala is aware of all that which is hidden & apparent. "I'lm-e-Zaati" (Divine Knowledge) is His unique Quality. Any person who proves I'lm-e-Zaati, be it hidden or apparent for anyone accept Allah Ta'ala is a Kaafir (non-believer) since such Divine Knowledge refers to that which was not given to anyone.
Allah Ta'ala is the Creator of everything, be it an object or it's actions. He is the One who gives sustenance. Angels, etc. are only means.
Allah Ta'ala is free from space, place, time, shape, movement & stoppage. Allah Ta'ala is free from everything which is Haadees. If Allah Ta'ala wishes, then He can make small objects large & large objects small. He gives respect to whom He wills & disgraces whom He wills. He gives & takes whatever He wishes. Whatever He does is totally fair & just. He is free & pure of tyranny. He is the Most Exalted & High. He engulfs everything & nothing engulfs Him. To give benefit & loss is in His Power. He is the Lord of everything. He answers the call of the oppressed & He punishes the tyrants & oppressors.
Nothing takes place without His will. He becomes pleased with the good & displeased with the bad. His Mercy is such that He does not command any work that is not in the capacity of the servants. Allah Ta'ala is the Lord. He may do as He pleases & commands whatever He wishes.
Allah Ta'ala has promised Jannat (Paradise) to the Muslims & He has promised Jahannum (Hell) to the Kufaar because of their disbelief. His promises never change. With the exception of polytheism (associating partners with Allah Ta'ala) & infidelity, He may pardon any major or minor sin as He wishes.
Allah Ta'ala's every action consists of great wisdom whether we are aware of it or not. His actions are not dependent on any reason. He has, with His knowledge, created on the earth a means for everything.
Allah Ta'ala has created eyes to see, ears to hear, fire to burn & water to quench thirst. If Allah Ta'ala desires, then the eyes may hear, fire may quench thirst & water may burn. If He does not will, then a person may have a hundred thousand eyes & still not be able to see a mountain in bright daylight. There may be a million fires & even one straw of grass will not burn. An example of the above mentioned statement is when Sayyiduna Ibrahim (alaihis salaam) was thrown into the fire. What a great fire that was which the Kaafirs had prepared to put him into! The heat of this fire was so intense that nobody could go near it & they had to use a catapult to throw him into it. It was then that Allah Ta'ala commanded: "O Fire! Become cold & peaceful on Ibrahim." The fire immediately became cold on Sayyiduna Ibrahim (alaihis salaam). To believe that Allah Ta'ala enquires from someone (His creation) is total Kufr & against the teachings of the Holy Quran & the Ahadees.
The Aqeeda of the Ahle Sunnat Wa Jama'at is that the Knowledge of Unseen which is possessed by Allah Ta'ala is His Personal Knowledge & He does not gain it from anyone.
Some persons believe that Allah Ta'ala has the power to speak a lie. (Allah forbid). The Aqeeda of the Ahle Sunnat Wa Jama'at is that Allah Ta'ala does not lie & He does not possess the power of lying. This is proven by the Quranic verse: "Whose word is more truthful than that of Allah". (Part 5, Verse 15) Imam Fakhruddin Raazi (radi Allahu anhu) said that it is not permissible upon any Muslim to even think that Allah Ta'ala can speak a lie. He said that for one to think in this way would remove one from the folds of Imaan. (Tafseer Kabeer)To tell a lie is a defect for the personality of Allah Ta'ala & for there to be a defect in the Power of Allah Ta'ala is "Muhaal" (Totally impossible). (Tafseer Kabeer) Allah Ta'ala is pure from all defects. (Tafseer Baizavi) There is none more truthful than Allah Ta'ala & for Allah Ta'ala to tell a lie is impossible. (Tafseer Khazin) Any person who shows Allah Ta'ala to possess a certain quality which is not worthy of His Being, or to show Allah Ta'ala to have a defect or impatience, then he is a Kaafir. (Fatawa Alamgiri)
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